Routing Protocol Features and Commands

Route Protocol	Builds Topology Map	Router can independently determine the shortest path to every network	Convergence	A periodic/event driven routing updates	Use of LSP
Distance Vector	No	No	Slow	Generally no	No
Link-state	Yes	Yes	Fast	Generally yes	Yes

• • Information taken from in-class presentation.

Name	Class	Type	Interior/Exterior	Default Metric	Administrative Distance	Hop Count Limit	Convergance	Classful/ Classless	Update Timers	Updates	VLSM Support	Algorithm	Update Address	Protocol and Port
RIPv1	Distance Vector	IGP	Interior	Hopcount	120	15	Slow	Classful	30 Seconds	Full Table	No	Bellman-Ford	Broadcast	UDP port 520
RIPv2	Distance Vector	IGP	Interior	Hopcount	120	15	Slow	Classless	30 Seconds	Full Table	Yes	Bellam-Ford	224.0.0.9	UDP port 520
IGRP	Distance Vector	IGP	Interior	Bandwidth/Delay	100	255 (100 default)	Slow	Classful	90 seconds	Full Table	No	Bellman-Ford	224.0.0.10	IP Protocol 9
EIGRP	Hybrid (Advanced Distance Vector)	IGP	Interior	Bandwidth/Delay	90 (Internal) 170 (External)	224 (100 default)	Very Fast	Classless	Only when change occurs	Only Changes	Yes	DUAL	224.0.0.10	IP Protocol port 88
OSPF	Link-state	IGP	Interior	Cost	110	None	Fast	Classless	Only when changes occur (LSA table is refreshed every 30 minutes, however)	Only Changes	Yes	Dijkstra (SPF)	224.0.0.5 (All SPF Routers) 224.0.0.6 (DR's and DBR's)	IP Protocol 89
IS-IS	Link-state	IGP	Interior	Cost	115	None	Fast	Classless	Only when changes occur	Only changes	Yes	Dijkstra (SPF)	N/A	N/A
BGP	Path Vector	EGP	Exterior	Multiple Attributes	20 (External) 200(Internal)	EBGP Neighbors: 1 (Default) IBGP Neighbors: None	Average	Yes	Only when changes occur	Only changes	Yes	Best Path Algorithm	Unicast	TCP port 179

     ** Information condensed from http://www.routeralley.com/ra/docs/routing_protocol_comparison.pdf and http://globalconfig.net/ccna-corner/1147/

Commands for RIP

Router(config)#router rip - Enables RIP as a protocol

Router(config-router)#network w.x.y.z - w.x.y.z is the directly connected network you want to advertise

Router(config)#no router rip - Turns off RIP

Router(config-router)#no network w.x.y.z - Removes network

Router(config-router)#version 2 - Turns on V2 and now RIP will send and receive RIPv2 Packets

Router(config-router)#version 1 - RIP will send and receive RIPv1 Packets

Router(config-router)#no auto-summary - RipV2 summarizes networks at the classful boundary. This command will turns auto summary off

Router(config-router)#passive-interface s/0/0/1 - RIP updates will not be sent out this interface

Router(config-router)#neighbor a.b.c.d - Defines a specific neighbor to exchange information with

Router(config-router)#no ip split-horizon - Turns off split horizon (this is on by default)

Router(config-router)#ip split-horizon - Turns it back on

Router(config-router)#timers basic 30 60 90 180 270 360 - Changes timers in RIP: 30=Update timer, 90=Invalid Timer, 180=Hold down timer, 270= Flush timer, 360=Sleep timer

Router(config-router)#default-information originate - Generates a default route into RIP

   ** You can verify configurations by running the show commands at the Router# prompt
   ** Show ip protocol, show ip route, show ip interface brief

Commands for Troubleshooting

Router#debug ip rip - Displays all RIP activity in real time

Router#show ip rip database - Displays contents of the RIP database

Commands for EIGRP

Router(config)#router eigrp 100 - Enables EIGRP as a process. The number "100" is an autonomous system number (ASN) which can be any number between 1 and 65,535. All routers in the same system must use the same ASN

Router(config)#no router eigrp 100 - Removes EIGRP as a process.

Router(config-router)#network w.x.y.z - w.x.y.z is the directly connected network you want to advertise

Router(config-router)#no network w.x.y.z - Removes advertised network

Router(config-if)#bandwidth X - Sets the bandwidth of this interface to X kilobits to allow EIGRP to make the best metric calculation

Router(config-router)#network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.3 - Tells which interface or network to include in EIGRP. Interfaces are configured with addresses that fall within the wildcard mask range of the network statement.

Router(config-router)#auto-summary - Enables auto summarization for the EIGRP process

Router(config-router)#no auto-summary - Turns the auto summarization feature of EIGRP off

   ** EIGRP automatically summarizes networks on the classful boundary
   ** If you have discontigous subnets you could have issues with connectivity if summarization is left on
   ** If turned off, it is recommended to use the ip summary-address command to summarize manually.

Router(config)#interface s0/0/0 - Enters interface configuration mode

Router(config-if)#bandwidth 256 - Sets the bandwidth of this interface

   ** You can verify configurations by running the show commands at the Router# prompt
   ** Show ip protocol, show ip route, sshow ip eigrp interfaces, show ip eigrp toploogy, show ip eigrp neighbors
   ** show ip eigrp neighbors detail, show ip eigrp traffic, show ip route eigrp

Commands for Troubleshooting

Router#debug eigrp fsm - Displays events and actions related to EIGRP feasible successor metrics (FSM)

Router#debug eigrp packet - Displays events and actions related to EIGRP packets

Router#debug eigrp neighbor - Displays events and actions related to EIGRP neighbors. Also debug ip eigrp neighbor

Router#debug eigrp packet - Displays events and actions related to EIGRP packets

Router#debug ip eigrp notifications - Displays EIGRP event notification

Commands for OSPF

Router(config)#router ospf 456 - Enables OSPF process. The number "456" is any positive number between 1 and 65, 535. It is not related to the OSPF area. The process ID is use to distinguish one process from another within the device. These numbers DO NOT have to match the process ID of an other router.

Router(config-router)#network 172.10.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 - OSPF advertises interfaces, not networks. It also uses the wildcard mask to determine whch interfaces to advertise. It is read as "any interface with the address of 172.10.0.0 is to be put in area 0.

Router(config-if)#ip address x.x.x.x x.x.x.x - Assigns IP address to interface

Router(config-router)#router-id 10.1.1.1 - Sets ID to 10.1.1.1 Takes affect at next reload.

Router(config-router)#no router-id 10..1.1.1 - Removes the static router ID from the configuration. Takes affect at next reload.

Router(config)#interface S0/0 - Changes interface to be configured

Router(config-if)#ip ospf priority 50 - Changes the OSPF interface priority to 50. The assigned priority can be between 0 and 255. The higher the number the higher the priority. A 255 guarantees a tie in the election for DR/BDR. Ties are broken by the highest router ID.

Router(config)#interface s0/0/0 - Changes to interface config mode

Router(config-if)#bandwidth 128 - If changed, OSPF will recalculate the cost of the link.

Router(config-if)#ip ospf hello-interval timer 20 - Changes the hello interval to 20 seconds

Router(config-if)#ip ospf dead-interval 80 - Changes the dead interval to 80 seconds

 ** Hello and Dead Timers must match for routers to become neighbors

Router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0.0 s0/0 - Creates a default route

Router(config-router)#default-information originate - Sets the default route to be advertised to all OSPF routers

   ** You can verify configurations by running the show commands at the Router# prompt
   ** Show ip protocol, show ip route, show ip ospf, show ip ospf interface, show ip ospf border-routers, show ip ospf neighbor
   ** show ip ospf neighbor detail, show ip ospf database, show ip ospf database nssa-external

Commands for Troubleshooting

Router#clear ip route * - Clears entire table forcing it to rebuild

Router#clear ip route a.b.c.d - Clears specific route to network a.b.c.d

Router#clear ip ospf counters - Resets OSPF counters

Router#clear ip ospf process - Clears entire OSPF process forcing it to re-create neighbors, database, and routing table

Router#debug ip ospf events - Displays all OSPF events

Router#debug ip ospf adjacency - Displays various OSPF states and DR/BDR election between adjacent routers

Router#debug ip ospf packets - Displays OSPF packets

 **  ALL INFORMATION PROVIDED ON PAGE IS CONDENSED FROM "CCNA Portable Command Guide", by Scott Empson, cicsopress.com

---