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== '''Chapter 2 Linux Installation and Usage''' ==
::@ Preparation and installation of Fedora Linux using good practices.
::* Outline the structure of Linux interface.
::* Enter basic shell commands and find command documentation.
::* Properly shutdown the Linux OS


=== '''Preparing for Installation''' ===
::* Hardware Compatibility List (HCL)
::* The minimum requirement s for Fedora 13 Linux can be found :
:::: ''http://docs.fedoraproject.org''
::* Preinstallation checklist
::* A system checklist that can compared against the HCL during installation.
::* Information will include :
:::• CPU (Type /MHz)
:::• RAM (Mb)
:::• Keyboard model and layout
:::• Hard Disk size (MB)
:::• Host Name
:::• Network card IP configuration
:::• IP address, Netmask Gatway, DNS servers, and DHCP
:::• Linux Packages to install
:::• Video Card Make and Model
:::• Video Card RAM (Mb)
:::• Monitor make and model
:::• Monitor Vsync and HSync ranges
=== '''Installation Methods'''===
::* FTP server across network
::* HTTP web server across network
::* NFS server across network
::* SMB (SAMBA) server across network
::* Packages located on HD
::* CD-ROM or bootable DVD media
=== '''Performing the Installation stages''' ===
::* Start installation
::* Choosing language, keyboard and storage type
::* Selecting hostname, time zone & root password
::* Configuring storage devices
::* Configuring the boot loader
::* Selecting and installing packages
::* Completing first boot wizard
=== '''Starting the Installation''' ===
::* '''System Rescue''' – A installation feature used to repair a system from the installation DVD
::: Can be used to repair a Linux system which cannot be started.
::* '''Memory Test''' – Can be used to test memory and prevent errors. Uses memtest86 utility to test RAM for errors
=== '''Checking media for errors''' ===
::* Feature of the default installation
::* Optional - Good practice with new, unused media
::* Checks bootable DVD or CD-ROM for errors
=== '''Choosing language, keyboard and storage type''' ===
::* This is just a matter of choosing the language you’ll be using,
:::your default keyboard layout and whether or not you’ll installing Linux locally or on a DASD (direct access storage device)
=== '''Configuring Storage Devices''' ===
:Can only be one of four basic configurations:
::* Primary master PATA  - '''had'''
::* Primary slave PATA – '''hdb'''
::* Secondary master PATA – '''hdc'''
::* Secondary slave PATA – '''hdd'''
:Used by newer server systems typically use :
::* SATA/SCSI –1st disk= '''sda''', 2nd disk = '''sdb''', 3rd disk= '''sdc''', ect.
::* Unlike PATA can have more than four hard disks
=== '''Hard Disk Partitioning''' ===
::* Maximum of four primary partitions
::* Extended Partition can contain unlimited number of smaller partitions or logical drives
::* Root Directory ('''\''')
::* Swap memory – Virtual memory utilized when physical memory (RAM) is being exhausted
=== '''Primary Master Partitioning''' ===
:Linux only requires two partitions minimum :
::* '''Root''' directory  (main directory) designated by a “\”
::* '''Swap''' (aka Virtual memory)
::: '''''NOTE''''' : ''Doesn’t contain a file system and is never mounted to a directory because Linux is responsible for swapping info.''
::* Extra partitions help keep the entire system free from errors.
=== '''Basic Linux''' ===
::* '''Kernel''' – Loads all components and controls computing activities, the heart of the operating system
::: Once the BIOS starts after boot-up, it then starts a boot loader (such as ''GRUB'') which then loads the Linux Kernel into memory.
::: If there is a windows system already on the HD the boot loader can give you the option of which OS you’d like to load. This is known as dual booting. 
::* '''Terminal''' – Channel that allows users to log in
::* '''Shell''' – Passes user input to the kernel for processing. BASH shell (Bourne Again Shell) – command-line shell similar to cmd on Windows
=== '''Basic Shell Commands'''===
::* ''Commands'' – Case sensitive, indicate program to execute
::* ''Options'' – specific letters preceded by a hyphen (-) following a command
::* ''Arguments'' – specify parameters that tailor the command to the users particular needs
:::* Command line order is this.. ''(Command) (Options)(Argument)''
::::* '''''Ls – a /etc/ntp'''''
::::: ''Command'' = '''Ls''' (list)
::::: ''Option''  =  '''-a''' (lists all files)
::::: ''Argument'' = '''/etc/ntp''' (refers to the ''/etc/ntp'' directory)
=== '''Common Commands'''===
::*You can find some common commands on page 66 of the text.
=== '''Metacharacters'''===
::* Keyboard characters that have a special meaning
::* ('''$''') – Tells the shell that the following text refers to variable
::* A piece of information that is stored in memory, typically uppercase words, automatically set by the Linux system at login
::* There’s a list of metacharacters used in BASH on page 67 of the text
=== '''Help'''===
::* Manual pages (man pages)
:::* '''man <command name>'''
::* Include description, syntax, options, related files, and commands
::* Search manual pages with a keyword use –k
:::* '''man –k <keyword>'''
::* Info pages – include easy-to-read description and hyperlinks
=== '''Shutdown Commands'''===
::*There’s a list of various shutdown commands on page 73 of the text

Latest revision as of 17:16, 12 January 2015

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