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== '''Chapter 2
Linux Installation and Usage''' ==
:: Preparation and installation of Fedora Linux using good practices.
:: Outline the structure of Linux interface.
:: Enter basic shell commands and find command documentation.
:: Properly shutdown the Linux OS


'''Preparing for Installation'''
:: Hardware Compatibility List (HCL)
:: The minimum requirement s for Fedora 13 Linux can be found :
:: Http://docs.fedoraproject.org
:: Preinstallation checklist
:: A system checklist that can compared against the HCL during installation.
:: Information will include :
::• CPU (Type /MHz)
::• RAM (Mb)
::• Keyboard model and layout
::• Hard Disk size (MB)
::• Host Name
::• Network card IP configuration
::• IP address, Netmask Gatway, DNS servers, and DHCP
::• Linux Packages to install
::• Video Card Make and Model
::• Video Card RAM (Mb)
::• Monitor make and model
::• Monitor Vsync and HSync ranges
'''Installation Methods'''
 FTP server across network
 HTTP web server across network
 NFS server across network
 SMB (SAMBA) server across network
 Packages located on HD
 CD-ROM or bootable DVD media
'''Performing the Installation stages'''
 Start installation
 Choosing language, keyboard and storage type
 Selecting hostname, time zone & root password
 Configuring storage devices
 Configuring the boot loader
 Selecting and installing packages
 Completing first boot wizard
'''Starting the Installation'''
 System Rescue – A installation feature used to repair a system from the installation DVD
 Can be used to repair a Linux system which cannot be started.
 Memory Test – Can be used to test memory and prevent errors. Uses memtest86 utility to test RAM for errors
'''Checking media for errors'''
 Feature of the default installation
 Optional - Good practice with new, unused media
 Checks bootable DVD or CD-ROM for errors
'''Choosing language, keyboard and storage type'''
 This is just a matter of choosing the language you’ll be using, your default keyboard layout and whether or not you’ll installing Linux locally or on a DASD (direct access storage device)
'''Configuring Storage Devices'''
Can only be one of four basic configurations:
 Primary master PATA  - had
 Primary slave PATA – hdb
 Secondary master PATA – hdc
 Secondary slave PATA – hdd
Used by newer server systems typically use :
 SATA/SCSI –1st disk= sda, 2nd disk = sdb, 3rd disk= sdc, ect.
 Unlike PATA can have more than four hard disks
'''Hard Disk Partitioning'''
 Maximum of four primary partitions
 Extended Partition can contain unlimited number of smaller partitions or logical drives
 Root Directory (/)
 Swap memory – Virtual memory utilized when physical memory (RAM) is being exhausted
'''Primary Master Partitioning'''
Linux only requires two partitions minimum :
 Root directory  (main directory) designated by a “\”
 Swap (aka Virtual memory)
• Doesn’t contain a file system is never mounted to a directory because Linux is responsible for swapping info.
 Extra partitions help keep the entire system free from errors.
'''Basic Linux'''
 Kernel – Loads all components and controls computing activities, the heart of the operating system
 Once the BIOS starts after boot-up, it then starts a boot loader (such as GRUB) which then loads the Linux Kernel into memory.
 If there is a windows system already on the HD the boot loader can give you the option of which OS you’d like to load. This is known as dual booting. 
 Terminal – Channel that allows users to log in
 Shell – Passes user input to the kernel for processing. BASH shell (Bourne Again Shell) – command-line shell similar to cmd on Windows
'''Basic Shell Commands'''
 Commands – Case sensitive, indicate program to execute
 Options – specific letters preceded by a hyphen (-) following a command
 Arguments – specify parameters that tailor the command to the users particular needs
 Command line order is this.. (Command) (Options)(Argument)
 Ls – a /etc/ntp
 Command = Ls (list)
 Option  =  -a (lists all files)
 Argument = /etc/ntp (refers to the /etc/ntp directory)
'''Common Commands'''You can find some common commands on page 66 of the text.
'''Metacharacters'''
 Keyboard characters that have a special meaning
 ($) – Tells the shell that the following text refers to variable
 A piece of information that is stored in memory, typically uppercase words, automatically set by the Linux system at login
 There’s a list of metacharacters used in BASH on page 67 of the text
Help
 Manual pages (man pages)
 man <command name>
 Include description, syntax, options, related files, and commands
 Search manual pages with a keyword use –k
 man –k <keyword>
 Info pages – include easy-to-read description and hyperlinks
'''Shutdown Commands'''
There’s a list of various shutdown commands on page 73 of the text

Latest revision as of 17:16, 12 January 2015

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