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                                        '''Parts In a Laptop'''
Final Project Lab


[[File:Toshiba satellite p500 laptop.jpg]]
== The function and configuration Multilayer switching. ==


[[File:Motherboard.jpg ]]
Multilayer switching is the combination of traditional Layer 2 switching with Layer 3 routing in a single product. Multilayer switching is new, and there is no industry standard.. The term multilayer switch seems to be the best and most widely used description of this class of product that performs both Layer 3 routing and Layer 2 switching functions.
'''Motherboard'''
Multilayer Switch
The motherboard is the board that all internal laptop components are connected to.  
Multilayer switches support both Layer-2 (switching) and Layer-3 (routing)
functions. Three port types can exist on Multilayer switches:


1. Switchports – Layer-2 ports on which MAC addresses are learned.
2. Layer-3 Ports – Essentially routing ports on multi-layer switches.
3. Switched Virtual Interfaces (SVI) – A VLAN virtual interface


By default, on Catalyst
2950’s and 3550’s, all interfaces are switchports.
To configure a port as a switchport:
Switch(config)# interface fa#
Switch(config-if)# switchport


To configure a port as a Layer-3 (routing) port, and assign an IP address:
Switch(config)# interface fa#
Switch(config-if)# no switchport
Switch(config-if)# ip address #.#.#.# #.#.#.#
Switch(config-if)# no shut


To assign an IP address to an SVI (virtual VLAN interface):
Switch(config)# interface vlan #
Switch(config-if)# ip address #.#.#.# #.#.#.#
Switch(config-if)# no shut
Note that the VLAN itself is treated as an interface, and supports most IOS
interface commands. To view the port type of a particular interface:


[[File:Processor.jpg]]
Switch# show int fa#  switchport
'''Processor aka CPU''' (Central ProcessingUnit)
Name: Fa#
Switchport: Enabled
A Layer-3 interface would display the following output:
Switch# show int fa# switchport
Name: Fa#
Switchport: Disabled


The CPU is considered to be the brain of the computer which contains the circuitry used to interpret and execute program instructions.




[[File:Memory.jpg]]
== Configuration of inter-VLAN routing on a multilayer switch ==
'''Memory aka RAM''' (Random Access Memory)  
.
Memory is used for the temporary storage and manipulation of data, when a program is opened it is loaded into RAM for quick and easy access.
create the required VLANs:
Switch(config)# vlan #
Switch(config-vlan)# name VLAN#
Switch(config)# vlan #
Switch(config-vlan)# name VLAN#


[[File:Video.jpg ‎ ]]
Then, routing must be globally enabled on the multilayer switch:
'''Video Card aka Graphics Card or Display Adapter'''
Switch(config)# ip routing
The graphics card is a circuit board that generates and outputs the images to be displayed on the lcd screen.


Next, each VLAN SVI is assigned an IP address:
 
Switch(config)# interface vlan #
[[File:Laptop-audio-chip.jpg ]]
Switch(config-if)#  #.#.#.# #.#.#.#
Switch(config-if)# no shut
''' Audio Board aka Sound Board'''
Switch(config)# interface vlan #
The audio board is used to enable the laptop to input, process, and output sound.
Switch(config-if)# #.#.#.# #.#.#.#
 
Switch(config-if)# no shut
[[File:]]
'''Hard Drive''' aka HDD (Hard Disk Drive)  
The hard disk drive is where you operating system, program files, and personal files are stored. Laptop hard drives are either 2.5" (60mm) or 1.8" (46mm) in size and thinner than desktop hard drives. The two most common hard drive interfaces in laptops are IDE/PATA (Integrated Drive Electronics/Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment) and SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment). Serial ATA is the replacement for the older Parallel ATA hard drives.  
 
 
 
 
[[File:ODD.jpg ‎ ]]
'''Optical Drive''' aka ODD (Optical Disc Drive) or CD/DVD Drive
Optical drives can be either internal or external and are used to read and/or write CD's, DVD's and Blu-ray discs depending on the specific drive.
 
 
 
[[Media:Screen.jpg]]
'''LCD Screen'''
The LCD (liquid-crystal display) screen uses liquid crystals, sealed between two polarizing filters, to redirect light when they are energized.
 
 
 
[[File:Inverter.jpg]]
'''Inverter Board''' aka FL Inverter
The inverter board provides power to the backlight lamp inside your LCD screen, which allows the image on the screen to be bright.
 
 
 
 
'''LCD Cable''' aka Video Cable
The LCD cable connects the motherboard to the LCD screen, so data can be transfered from the motherboard and video card to the screen.  
 
[[File:Example.jpg]]
'''Keyboard'''
 
 
 
[[File:Touchpad.jpg]]
'''Touchpad''' aka Touch Mouse Pad
The touchpad on a laptop is an alternative to using a mouse.  
 
 
[[File:AC.jpg]]
'''AC Adapter'''
The AC adapter for a laptop connects to a power outlet to both provide electricity for your laptop and to charge your battery.
 
[[File:Batery.jpg]]
'''Main Battery''' aka Laptop Battery
The laptop battery powers your laptop when it is not plugged into a wall outlet via an AC adapter. Most laptop batteries need to replaced every 3 to 5 years depending on how often you use the laptop with only battery power.
 
 
[[File:CMOS.jpg]]
'''CMOS  Battery''' aka RTC (Real Time Clock) Battery
The CMOS battery provides power to the CMOS chip when the laptop is not powered on. The CMOS memory stores the date, time, and system setup parameters. Without the CMOS Battery, the CMOS would not be able to continuosly keep track of the date and time while your computer is off.
 
[[File:Fan.jpg ‎]]
'''Heat Sink & Fan'''
Fans and heat sinks help in cooling down your laptop to prevent overheating. The heat sink is a device often made of copper or aluminum that sits on top of high heat generating chips such as the CPU and draws the heat away from the chip into the fins of the heat sink.

Latest revision as of 19:13, 24 October 2010

Final Project Lab

The function and configuration Multilayer switching.

Multilayer switching is the combination of traditional Layer 2 switching with Layer 3 routing in a single product. Multilayer switching is new, and there is no industry standard.. The term multilayer switch seems to be the best and most widely used description of this class of product that performs both Layer 3 routing and Layer 2 switching functions. Multilayer Switch Multilayer switches support both Layer-2 (switching) and Layer-3 (routing) functions. Three port types can exist on Multilayer switches:

1. Switchports – Layer-2 ports on which MAC addresses are learned. 2. Layer-3 Ports – Essentially routing ports on multi-layer switches. 3. Switched Virtual Interfaces (SVI) – A VLAN virtual interface

By default, on Catalyst 2950’s and 3550’s, all interfaces are switchports. To configure a port as a switchport: Switch(config)# interface fa# Switch(config-if)# switchport

To configure a port as a Layer-3 (routing) port, and assign an IP address: Switch(config)# interface fa# Switch(config-if)# no switchport Switch(config-if)# ip address #.#.#.# #.#.#.# Switch(config-if)# no shut

To assign an IP address to an SVI (virtual VLAN interface): Switch(config)# interface vlan # Switch(config-if)# ip address #.#.#.# #.#.#.# Switch(config-if)# no shut Note that the VLAN itself is treated as an interface, and supports most IOS interface commands. To view the port type of a particular interface:

Switch# show int fa# switchport Name: Fa# Switchport: Enabled A Layer-3 interface would display the following output: Switch# show int fa# switchport Name: Fa# Switchport: Disabled


Configuration of inter-VLAN routing on a multilayer switch

. create the required VLANs: Switch(config)# vlan # Switch(config-vlan)# name VLAN# Switch(config)# vlan # Switch(config-vlan)# name VLAN#

Then, routing must be globally enabled on the multilayer switch: Switch(config)# ip routing

Next, each VLAN SVI is assigned an IP address: Switch(config)# interface vlan # Switch(config-if)# #.#.#.# #.#.#.# Switch(config-if)# no shut Switch(config)# interface vlan # Switch(config-if)# #.#.#.# #.#.#.# Switch(config-if)# no shut

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