Modifying Permissions With ICACLS

Modifying Permissions With ICACLs

• Purpose

Displays or modifies discretionary access control lists (DACLs) on specified files, and applies stored DACLs to files in specified directories. This can be used with Windows Server 2008 Server Core where no GUI exists.

• Syntax

icacls <FileName> [/grant[:r] <Sid>:<Perm>[...]] [/deny <Sid>:<Perm>[...]] [/remove[:g|:d]] <Sid>[...]] [/t] [/c] [/l] [/q] [/setintegritylevel <Level>:<Policy>[...]]

icacls <Directory> [/substitute <SidOld> <SidNew> [...]] [/restore <ACLfile> [/c] [/l] [/q]]

• Parameters

ICACLS name /save aclfile [/T] [/C] [/L] [/Q]

   store the the acls for the all matching names into aclfile for later use with /restore.

ICACLS directory [/substitute SidOld SidNew [...]] /restore aclfile [/C] [/L] [/Q]

   applies the stored acls to files in directory.

ICACLS name /setowner user [/T] [/C] [/L] [/Q]

   changes the owner of all matching names.

ICACLS name /findsid Sid [/T] [/C] [/L] [/Q]

   finds all matching names that contain an ACL explicitly mentioning Sid.

ICACLS name /verify [/T] [/C] [/L] [/Q]

   finds all files whose ACL is not in canonical for or whose lengths are inconsistent with ACE counts.

ICACLS name /reset [/T] [/C] [/L] [/Q]

   replaces acls with default inherited acls for all matching files

ICACLS name [/grant[:r] Sid:perm[...]]

      [/deny Sid:perm [...]]
      [/remove[:g|:d]] Sid[...]] [/T] [/C] [/L] [/Q]
      [/setintegritylevel Level:policy[...]]

   /grant[:r] Sid:perm grants the specified user access rights. 

With :r, the permissions replace any previouly granted explicit permissions.

       Without :r, the permissions are added to any previously granted explicit permissions.

   /deny Sid:perm explicitly denies the specified user access rights.
       An explicit deny ACE is added for the stated permissions and the same permissions in any explicit grant are removed.

   /remove[:[g|d]] Sid removes all occurrences of Sid in the acl. 

With :g, it removes all occurrences of granted rights to that Sid. With :d, it removes all occurrences of denied rights to that Sid.

   /setintegritylevel [(CI)(OI)]Level explicitly adds an integrity ACE to all matching files.  

The level is to be specified as one of:

           L[ow]
           M[edium]
           H[igh]
       

Inheritance options for the integrity ACE may precede the level and are applied only to directories.

   /inheritance:e|d|r
       e - enables inheritance
       d - disables inheritance and copy the ACEs
       r - remove all inherited ACEs

Note:

   Sids may be in either numerical or friendly name form. If a numerical form is given, affix a * to the start of the SID.

   /T indicates that this operation is performed on all matching files/directories below the directories specified in the name.

   /C indicates that this operation will continue on all file errors.  Error messages will still be displayed.

   /L indicates that this operation is performed on a symbolic link itself versus its target.

   /Q indicates that icacls should supress success messages.

   ICACLS preserves the canonical ordering of ACE entries:
           Explicit denials
           Explicit grants
           Inherited denials
           Inherited grants

   perm is a permission mask and can be specified in one of two forms:
       a sequence of simple rights:
               F - full access
               M - modify access
               RX - read and execute access
               R - read-only access
               W - write-only access
       a comma-separated list in parenthesis of specific rights:
               D - delete
               RC - read control
               WDAC - write DAC
               WO - write owner
               S - synchronize
               AS - access system security
               MA - maximum allowed
               GR - generic read
               GW - generic write
               GE - generic execute
               GA - generic all
               RD - read data/list directory
               WD - write data/add file
               AD - append data/add subdirectory
               REA - read extended attributes
               WEA - write extended attributes
               X - execute/traverse
               DC - delete child
               RA - read attributes
               WA - write attributes
       inheritance rights may precede either form and are applied
       only to directories:
               (OI) - object inherit
               (CI) - container inherit
               (IO) - inherit only
               (NP) - don't propagate inherit

Examples:

       icacls c:\windows\* /save AclFile /T
       - Will save the ACLs for all files under c:\windows and its subdirectories to AclFile.

       icacls c:\windows\ /restore AclFile
       - Will restore the Acls for every file within AclFile that exists in c:\windows and its subdirectories

       icacls file /grant Administrator:(D,WDAC)
       - Will grant the user Administrator Delete and Write DAC permissions to file

       icacls file /grant *S-1-1-0:(D,WDAC)
       - Will grant the user defined by sid S-1-1-0 Delete and Write DAC permissions to file